A Beautiful Day at Jogja

A Beautiful Day at Jogja

Last years, my friends and I went to jogja. We visted many places. First, we visited parangtritis beach. The sun shone brightly and the scenery was very beautiful there. We felt the wind blew across to us. We also saw a lot of people in that beach. There were many birds flew in the sky. Also, there were many sellers who sold many kinds of souvenirs. Second, we visited gembiraloka zoo. We saw many kinds of animals there such as monkeys, tiger, crocodiles, snakers, elephant,etc. we looked around in that zoo. And also took pictures of those animals. Then, we felt hungry, so we went to a restaurant. As soon as we finished our lunch, we decided to go home. For me, that was a beautiful day. We really enjoyed it and I hope I could visit jogja again.

The Beautiful Tulips

The Beautiful Tulips

A tall stem framed by several leaves and bell like tulip always catches us to admire it. It moves a child to pick it and a woman to have it. Holland is known for its tulips. The country is almost always associated with these flowers beside windmills. The flowers have long cought the hearts of dutch. It was as early as the first time they were brought to Europe. This moved alexandre dumos to write that the ducth paid too much respect to the tulips. Even, no naturalists ever dere to do so. They were afraid of arousing the jealousy of god.

As a matter of fact, tulip came from central asia. They were brought to afganistan, iran, Caucasus, and leter to Holland. As story tell that once a French botanist carolus clusius got tulips from the Austrian ambassador to the court of king sulaiman. Clusius, however, was never willing to share the tulips for purposes other than science. This made a group envious dutch gardeners to steal them. Within a few years, tulips were blooming in every part of Holland.

Since then, tulips have become commercials goods. It invited speculators to be in the tulips business. Every body wanted to make a big profit from the stage. 1630’s was known as the tulipomanis period. In the later stage, there were more sellers than buyers. This. of course, crashed the market. It is said that there was so large amount of money in this business. This put the country’s finance in a big trouble. Nowadays, there are 4.000 varietas of garden tulips. They show great variation in color and type.

TOEFL

Test of English as a Foreign Language disingkat TOEFL adalah ujian kemampuan berbahasa Inggris (logat Amerika) yang diperlukan untuk mendaftar masuk ke universitas di Amerika Serikat atau negara-negara lain di dunia. Ujian ini sangat diperlukan bagi pendaftar atau pembicara yang bahasa ibunya bukan bahasa Inggris. Ujian TOEFL ini diselenggarakan oleh kantor ETS (Educational Testing Service) di Amerika Serikatuntuk semua peserta tes di seluruh dunia.

Jenis tes bahasa Inggris TOEFL ini pada umumnya diperlukan untuk persyaratan masuk kuliah pada hampir semua universitas di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada baik untuk programundergraduate (S-1) maupun graduate (S-2 atau S-3). Hasil tes TOEFL ini juga dipakai sebagai bahan pertimbangan mengenai kemampuan bahasa Inggris dari calon mahasiswa yang mendaftar ke universitas di negara lain, termasuk universitas di Eropa dan Australia. Secara umum, tes TOEFL lebih berorientasi kepada American English, dan sedikit berbeda dengan jenis tes IELTS yang berorientasi kepada British English. Tidak seperti tes IELTS, tes TOEFL ini pada umumnya tidak mempunyai bagian individual interview test. Selain itu TOEFL pada dewasa ini sudah mulai digunakan dalam dunia kerja sebagai salah satu mekanisme rekruitment atau jenjang kenaikan pangkat.

Biasanya tes ini memakan waktu sekitar tiga jam dan diselenggarakan dalam 4 bagian, yaitu bagian:

• listening comprehension,

• grammar structure and written expression,

• reading comprehension, dan bagian

• writing.

Jenis TOEFL dan Skornya

Tes bahasa inggris TOEFL terdiri dari dua jenis yaitu Computer-based Testing dan Paper-Based Testing.Model Computer-based Testing adalah tes yang menggunakan media komputer. Skor penilaian model ini berada pada kisaran 216-677. Sedangkan Paper Based Testing adalah tes yang menggunakan kertas sebagai media pengujiannya. Skor penilaian dengan model ini berada pada kisaran 450-550 ke atas. Nilai hasil ujian TOEFL berkisar antara: 310 (nilai minimum) sampai 677 (nilai maximum) untuk versi PBT(paper-based test).Sejak tahun 1998, tes TOEFL ini diadakan secara online dengan menggunakan komputer (Computer-based Testing/CBT), dan sejak tahun 2005 disebut iBT (Internet-based Test). Di tempat-tempat yang belum bisa melaksanakan CBT atau iBT (karena belum ada fasilitas komputer dan jaringan internetnya), ujian TOEFL ini masih tetap diadakan secara manual menggunakan kertas dan potlot (paper-based test atau PBT). Informasi lebih lengkap tentang tes CBT dan paper-based TOEFL berkaitan dengan pendaftaran, lokasi penyelenggaraan, biaya, dan bahan-bahan persiapan tes dapat dilihat di situs resmi TOEFL, http://www.toefl.org (hasil ujian TOEFL versi CBT mempunyai nilai berkisar antara 0 sampai 300, sementara nilai untuk iBT adalah dari 0 sampai 120)

Akhir-akhir ini penyelenggara tes TOEFL juga mengadakan jenis tes TWE (Test of Written English) yang hasil nilainya terpisah dari nilai tes TOEFL. Tes ini memakan waktu selama 30 menit, dan peserta akan diminta untuk menuliskan karangan singkat yang menggambarkan mengenai kemampuan peserta untuk mengekspresikan dan menuangkan suatu gagasan atau ide, serta mendukung gagasan itu dengan contoh-contoh yang terdapat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan menggunakan bahasa Inggris yang standar. Bila TWE (Test of Written English) termasuk bagian yang diujikan, biasanya tes ini dilaksanakan sebelum ujian Listening Comprehension

Computer-based testComputer-based testing is a simple and better way to offer the GED® test. It allows testing centers to offer a more consistent test delivery, faster scoring and reporting, and enhanced test security.
The Facts

• Testing is done in person, on a computer, at an approved testing center

• Testing is not online

• Similar to paper testing centers, computer-based testing centers are reviewed and approved to ensure test-takers receive the best, fairest experience possible for their test

• Training for jurisdiction and test center administrators is included in set up of a new testing center

• Testing centers can use desktop computers or laptop computers, as long as minimum requirements are met

• Only 2 computers are required to become a testing center

Computer-based testing is the standard for many other test delivery programs. And as technology continues to advance, it is also becoming the standard format for most of the key K-12 assessment programs.

paper-based Test (PBT)

The TOEFL® paper-based Test (PBT) is available in limited areas. Scores are valid for two years after the test date, and test takers can have their scores sent to institutions or agencies during that time.

1. Listening (30 – 40 minutes)
The Listening section consists of 3 parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks

2. Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes)
The Structure and Written Expression section has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying errors.

3.Reading Comprehension (55 minutes)
The Reading Comprehension sections has 50 questions about reading passages.

4. Writing (30 minutes)
The TOEFL PBT administrations include a writing test called the Test of Written English (TWE). This is one essay question with 250–300 words in average.
Paper-based Test

TOEFL , COMPUTER BASED TEST . PAPER BASED TEST